Training causes brain restructuring
3 January 2012 at 4:59 pm | Posted in Neuroscience | Leave a commentArticle in Slashdot (“news for nerds, stuff that matters”): You really are what you know: “There has been research for some time showing that London cab driver brains differ from other people’s, with considerable enlargement of those areas dealing with spacial relationships and navigation. Follow-up work showed it wasn’t simply a product of driving a lot (PDF). However, up until now it has been disputed as to whether the brain structure led people to become London cabbies or whether the brain structure changed as a result of their intensive training (which requires rote memorization of essentially the entire street map of one of the largest and least-organized cities in the world). Well, this latest study answers that. MRI scans before and after the training show that the regions of the brain substantially grow as a result of the training, and they’re quite normal beforehand. The practical upshot of this research is that — even for adult brains, which aren’t supposed to change much — what you learn structurally changes your brain. Significantly.”
The first comment is worth following the link to the main article.
Electronic mimicking of plasticity
17 November 2011 at 7:41 pm | Posted in Neuroscience | Leave a commentMIT researchers, as reported through CogNet, have devised a multi-transistor chip that re-creates neural activity through opening and closing of ion channels creating a gradient like a neuronal action potential. Action potentials have been simulated before, but this artificial creation of one is the key discovery. It should bring a whole new dimension to devices based on neural nets. The next step probably is scaling up to many multiples of the one synapse. Higher cognition is based on thousands of such connections, and large numbers of these silicon emulations would be necessary to address most cognitive neuroscience questions relevant to higher endeavors.
Connecting research questions to Ten Things That Humanities Researchers Want
29 September 2011 at 5:26 pm | Posted in Main | Leave a commentThe summer meet-up of the New England Chapter of ASIS&T (NEASIST) discussed Research Information Network, “Reinventing research? Information practices in the humanities,” summarized as “10 things that humanities researchers want.” Beyond “make it easy to use” (the perpetual demand for computers to read minds and divine complex concepts from simple short inputs), there is an expressed desire for ways to visualize collections: “exploring and conceptualising a collection through features such as maps, timelines and word lists.” This would seem to point to non-verbal information retrieval interfaces, which are still in the primitive stages after all these years.
Brain scan to text
6 September 2011 at 5:54 pm | Posted in Neuroscience | Leave a commentThanks to “Matching Images of Brain Activity with Complex thought,” a post in Science debate where we discuss science, which points to a PDF in Frontiers in human neuroscience, we have a report of Princeton psychology researchers generating one-word text from fMRIs of subjects reading words representing concrete items (e.g., “door,” “window,” “apartment.”) Given the predilection of the developing brain for single-word concrete expressions, this would seem an appropriate occasion in developing research. Given the predilection of library patrons for single-word searches, perhaps a neuropsychological library application is not that far off.
Reconstructing images from brain scans of the viewer is approached with a “coding” model at the Gallant Lab at the University of California at Berkeley (the “Research” section is a good “about” page, but their publications are of course more detailed.) Instead of trying to extend the interpretation process from brain scan to text, these researchers show subjects a movie clip, and then see what sense they can make of the fMRI scan. This seems more “honest” about the capabilities of the technology than trying to discern words from the process of subjects’ reading. Their Web site points out that fMRI measures hemodynamic, not neural, activity, so detailed reading seems unlikely. There is a YouTube video of an example of the lab’s work.
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